Endocrine Abstracts

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Background: Persistent Hypoparathyroidism (PH) is a condition characterized by inappropriately low concentrations of PTH that lead to hypocalcemia. The treatment cornerstones of PH are calcium and calcitriol supplementation; however, several patients do not achieve adequate control of the disease under this conventional therapy. Notably, no biomarker of risk of ‘resistance’ has yet been identified. Based on the fact that obesity alters the vitamin D-calcium homeostas...

Levothyroxine (l-T4) is the mainstay of treating hypothyroidism. Despite the ‘classic’ tablet formulation of l-T4, pharmaceutical industries have recently introduced other formulations such as liquid and a soft gel capsule in a few countries. Recent studies have shown a better absorption of these formulations compared with the traditional tablet bypassing the pH-depending dissolution phase and less suffering the binding by sequestrants in the in...

Introduction: Osteoporosis and vertebral fractures (VFs) commonly occur in overt and subclinical primary hyperthyroidism. In this clinical setting, bone damage is caused by the direct effects of thyroid hormone in excess on bone remodeling, although there is also evidence that low thyrotropin (TSH) values may play a role in driving fracture risk. In fact, TSH was shown to have direct inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Based on these data, one could a...

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignancy of the thyroid gland. MTCs originate from thyroid-C cells and account for 2-4% of all thyroid neoplasms. Originating from thyroid-C cells, the main secretory product of MTCs is calcitonin, used as sensitive and specific MTC-biomarker. Calcitonin is a hormone known to participate in calcium-bone metabolism suppressing bone-resorption by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, and inhibiting the kidney reabsorption of calcium a...

Purpose: To evaluate whether the degree of response to surgical pre-treatment with somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) predicts alterations in blood glucose levels.Patients and methods: We retrospectively studied 181 patients attending the Unit of Neurosurgery of our Hospital prior to transsphenoidal surgery. All patients had a diagnosis of acromegaly (nadir GH during OGTT >0.4 ng/ml; and IGF-I above age-standardized UNL); diagnosis of diabetes (DM) ...

Acromegalic osteopathy is an emerging complication of chronic GH excess characterized by increase in bone turnover, deterioration in bone microarchitecture and high risk of vertebral fractures (VFs). Medical therapies may exert direct effects on peripheral targets leading to improvement of clinical outcomes regardless of biochemical control of acromegaly. In this longitudinal study, we compared the effects pegvisomant (PegV) and somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) on VF risk ...

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has become increasingly recognized as a cause of metabolic syndrome, characterized by altered body composition and adverse cardiovascular risk. The effects of other pituitary hormone deficiencies or their replacement therapies on the metabolic profile in this clinical setting are still largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluating the effects of replacement therapies of central hypoadrenalism and hypothyroidism on body composition in a ...

Hypocalcemia has been recently identified as a major biochemical distinctive feature of COVID-19, predicting poor clinical outcomes. Besides the calcium-dependent viral mechanisms of action and the enhanced cellular permeability to calcium ions, we previously hypothesized that hypovitaminosis-D could be a predisposing factor to hypocalcemia. Actually, high prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in COVID-19 patients (pts) was reported by several studies, but, to date, only few...

Thyroid hormones play a central role in the regulation of bone turnover and thyrotoxicosis is an established cause of secondary osteoporosis. Increased prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported even in patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis such as those with differentiated thyroid carcinoma undergoing long-term L-thyroxine (L-T4) TSH-suppressive therapy. Morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) are an early and clinically...